{"id":1324,"date":"2022-03-05T19:50:02","date_gmt":"2022-03-05T11:50:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eait.co\/?p=1324"},"modified":"2022-03-05T19:50:02","modified_gmt":"2022-03-05T11:50:02","slug":"hive-%e5%88%86%e5%8c%ba%e8%a1%a8%e5%92%8c%e5%86%85%e5%a4%96%e8%a1%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/notes.coremix.net\/?p=1324","title":{"rendered":"Hive \u5206\u533a\u8868\u548c\u5185\u5916\u8868"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5916\u90e8\u8868<\/h3>\n

1\uff09\u7406\u8bba<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u8868\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5Hive\u5e76\u975e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u5b8c\u5168\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u8868\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u6389\u8fd9\u4efd\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u63cf\u8ff0\u8868\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u6389\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2\uff09\u7ba1\u7406\u8868\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u5929\u5c06\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b9a\u671f\u6d41\u5165HDFS\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u65e5\u5fd7\u8868\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u505a\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7528\u5230\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u8868\u3001\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u90e8\u8868\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8fc7SELECT+INSERT\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u90e8\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n

3\uff09\u6848\u4f8b\u5b9e\u64cd<\/p>\n

\u5206\u522b\u521b\u5efa\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u5458\u5de5\u5916\u90e8\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u8868\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09\u5efa\u8868\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u90e8\u95e8\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
create external<\/span> table if not exists default.dept(<\/p>\n

deptno int,<\/p>\n

dname string,<\/p>\n

loc int<\/p>\n

)<\/p>\n

row format delimited fields terminated by ‘\\t’;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u5458\u5de5\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
create external<\/span> table if not exists default.emp(<\/p>\n

empno int,<\/p>\n

ename string,<\/p>\n

job string,<\/p>\n

mgr int,<\/p>\n

hiredate string,<\/p>\n

sal double,<\/p>\n

comm double,<\/p>\n

deptno int)<\/p>\n

row format delimited fields terminated by ‘\\t’;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\uff083\uff09\u67e5\u770b\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8868<\/p>\n

hive (default)> show tables;<\/p>\n

OK<\/p>\n

tab_name<\/p>\n

dept<\/p>\n

emp<\/p>\n

\uff084\uff09\u5411\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

hive (default)> load data local inpath<\/span> ‘\/opt\/module\/datas\/dept.txt’ into table default.dept<\/span>;<\/p>\n

hive (default)> load data local inpath ‘\/opt\/module\/datas\/emp.txt’ into table default.emp;<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n

hive (default)> select * from emp;<\/p>\n

hive (default)> select * from dept;<\/p>\n

\uff085\uff09\u67e5\u770b\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

hive (default)> desc formatted dept;<\/p>\n

Table Type:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 EXTERNAL_TABLE<\/p>\n

4.6.1 \u5206\u533a\u8868\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n

1\uff09\u5f15\u5165\u5206\u533a\u8868\uff08\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u65e5\u671f\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\uff09<\/p>\n

\/user\/hive\/warehouse\/log_partition\/20180702\/20180702.log<\/p>\n

\/user\/hive\/warehouse\/log_partition\/20180703\/20180703.log<\/p>\n

\/user\/hive\/warehouse\/log_partition\/20180704\/20180704.log<\/p>\n

2\uff09\u521b\u5efa\u5206\u533a\u8868\u8bed\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
hive (default)> create table dept_partition(<\/p>\n

deptno int, dname string, loc string<\/p>\n

)<\/p>\n

partitioned by (month string)<\/span><\/p>\n

row format delimited fields terminated by ‘\\t’;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

3\uff09\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u5230\u5206\u533a\u8868\u4e2d<\/p>\n

hive (default)> load data local inpath ‘\/opt\/module\/datas\/dept.txt’ into table default.dept_partition partition(month=’201809′);<\/p>\n

hive (default)> load data local inpath ‘\/opt\/module\/datas\/dept.txt’ into table default.dept_partition partition(month=’201808′);<\/p>\n

hive (default)> load data local inpath ‘\/opt\/module\/datas\/dept.txt’ into table default.dept_partition partition(month=’201807′);<\/p>\n

4\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u5206\u533a\u8868\u4e2d\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

\u5355\u5206\u533a\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n

hive (default)> select * from dept_partition where month=’201809′;<\/p>\n

\u591a\u5206\u533a\u8054\u5408\u67e5\u8be2(\u67e5\u51fa\u4e09\u4efd<\/span>)<\/p>\n

hive (default)> select * from dept_partition where month=’201809′<\/p>\n

union<\/span><\/p>\n

select * from dept_partition where month=’201808′<\/p>\n

union<\/span><\/p>\n

select * from dept_partition where month=’201807′;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

_u3.deptno\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 _u3.dname\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 _u3.loc _u3.month<\/p>\n

10\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ACCOUNTING\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NEW YORK\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 201807<\/p>\n

10\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ACCOUNTING\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NEW YORK\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 201808<\/p>\n

10\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ACCOUNTING\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NEW YORK\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 201809<\/p>\n

20\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 RESEARCH\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 DALLAS\u00a0 201807<\/p>\n

20\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 RESEARCH\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 DALLAS\u00a0 201808<\/p>\n

20\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 RESEARCH\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 DALLAS\u00a0 201809<\/p>\n

30\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SALES\u00a0\u00a0 CHICAGO 201807<\/p>\n

30\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SALES\u00a0\u00a0 CHICAGO 201808<\/p>\n

30\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SALES\u00a0\u00a0 CHICAGO 201809<\/p>\n

40\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 OPERATIONS\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 BOSTON\u00a0 201807<\/p>\n

40\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0OPERATIONS\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 BOSTON\u00a0 201808<\/p>\n

40\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 OPERATIONS\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0BOSTON\u00a0 201809<\/p>\n

5\uff09\u589e\u52a0\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u5355\u4e2a\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n

hive (default)> alter table dept_partition add<\/span> partition(month=’201806′) ;<\/p>\n

\u540c\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n

hive (default)>\u00a0 alter table dept_partition add partition(month=’201805′) partition(month=’201804′);<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u591a\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u7a7a\u683c” “\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u591a\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u7528”,”\u9694\u5f00<\/span><\/p>\n

6\uff09\u5220\u9664\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n

\u5220\u9664\u5355\u4e2a\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n

hive (default)> alter table dept_partition drop<\/span> partition (month=’201804′);<\/p>\n

\u540c\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u591a\u4e2a\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n

hive (default)> alter table dept_partition drop partition (month=’201805′), partition (month=’201806′);<\/p>\n

7\uff09\u67e5\u770b\u5206\u533a\u8868\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n

hive>show partitions<\/span> dept_partition;<\/p>\n

8\uff09\u67e5\u770b\u5206\u533a\u8868\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

hive>desc formatted dept_partition;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

# Partition Information<\/p>\n

# col_name\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 data_type\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 comment<\/p>\n

month\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 string<\/p>\n

4.6.2 \u5206\u533a\u8868\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h3>\n

1\uff09\u521b\u5efa\u4e8c\u7ea7\u5206\u533a\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n
hive (default)> create table dept_partition2(<\/p>\n

deptno int, dname string, loc string<\/p>\n

)<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0partitioned by (month string, day string)<\/span><\/p>\n

row format delimited fields terminated by ‘\\t’;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2\uff09\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u5230\u4e8c\u7ea7\u5206\u533a\u8868\u4e2d<\/p>\n

hive (default)> load data local inpath ‘\/opt\/module\/datas\/dept.txt’ into table default.dept_partition2 partition(month=’201809′, day=’13’);<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u5206\u533a\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

hive (default)> select * from dept_partition2 where month=’201809′ and day=’13’<\/span>;<\/p>\n

3\uff09\u628a\u6570\u636e\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u5206\u533a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ba9\u5206\u533a\u8868\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4ea7\u751f\u5173\u8054\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\uff1a\u4e0a\u4f20\u6570\u636e\u540e\u4fee\u590d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u4f20\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

hive (default)> dfs -mkdir -p \/user\/hive\/warehouse\/dept_partition2\/month=201809\/day=12;<\/p>\n

hive (default)> dfs -put \/opt\/module\/datas\/dept.txt \/user\/hive\/warehouse\/dept_partition2\/month=201809\/day=12;<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\uff08\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u5230\u521a\u4e0a\u4f20\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff09<\/p>\n

hive (default)> select * from dept_partition2 where month=’201809′ and day=’12’;<\/p>\n

\u6267\u884c\u4fee\u590d\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n

hive>msck repair table dept_partition2;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u518d\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

hive (default)> select * from dept_partition2 where month=’201809′ and day=’12’;<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e8c\uff1a\u4e0a\u4f20\u6570\u636e\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u5206\u533a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u4f20\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

hive (default)> dfs -mkdir -p \/user\/hive\/warehouse\/dept_partition2\/month=201809\/day=11;<\/p>\n

hive (default)> dfs -put \/opt\/module\/datas\/dept.txt \/user\/hive\/warehouse\/dept_partition2\/month=201809\/day=11;<\/p>\n

\u6267\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5206\u533a<\/p>\n

hive (default)> alter table dept_partition2 add partition(month=’201809′, day=’11’);<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

hive (default)> select * from dept_partition2 where month=’201809′ and day=’11’;<\/p>\n

\uff083\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e09\uff1a\u4e0a\u4f20\u6570\u636e\u540eload\u6570\u636e\u5230\u5206\u533a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

hive (default)> dfs -mkdir -p \/user\/hive\/warehouse\/dept_partition2\/month=201809\/day=10;<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u4f20\u6570\u636e\uff08\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u4efd\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0overwrite\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c overwrite table tablename<\/span>\uff09<\/p>\n

hive (default)> load data local inpath ‘\/opt\/module\/datas\/dept.txt’ into table dept_partition2 partition(month=’201809′,day=’10’);<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

hive (default)> select * from dept_partition2 where month=’201809′ and day=’10’;<\/p>\n

4.7 \u4fee\u6539\u8868<\/h2>\n

4.7.1 \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u8868<\/h3>\n

\uff081\uff09\u8bed\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\uff082\uff09\u5b9e\u64cd\u6848\u4f8b<\/p>\n

hive (default)> alter table dept_partition2 rename to dept_partition3;<\/p>\n

4.7.2 \u589e\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8868\u5206\u533a<\/h3>\n

\u8be6\u89c14.6.1\u5206\u533a\u8868\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u540c\u4e0a<\/p>\n

4.7.3 \u589e\u52a0\/\u4fee\u6539\/\u66ff\u6362\u5217\u4fe1\u606f<\/h3>\n

1\uff09\u8bed\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u65b0\u5217<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE [COLUMN] col_old_name col_new_name column_type [COMMENT col_comment] [FIRST|AFTER column_name]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u589e\u52a0\u548c\u66ff\u6362\u5217<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD|REPLACE COLUMNS (col_name data_type [COMMENT col_comment], …)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u6ce8\uff1aADD\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5b57\u6bb5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5217\u540e\u9762(partition\u5217\u524d)\uff0cREPLACE\u5219\u662f\u8868\u793a\u66ff\u6362\u8868\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

2\uff09\u5b9e\u64cd\u6848\u4f8b<\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u8868\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

hive>desc dept_partition;<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09\u6dfb\u52a0\u5217<\/p>\n

hive (default)> alter table dept_partition add columns(deptdesc string);<\/p>\n

\uff083\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u8868\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

hive>desc dept_partition;<\/p>\n

\uff084\uff09\u66f4\u65b0\u5217<\/p>\n

hive (default)> alter table dept_partition change column deptdesc desc int;<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff085\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u8868\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

hive>desc dept_partition;<\/p>\n

\uff086\uff09\u66ff\u6362\u5217<\/p>\n

hive (default)> alter table dept_partition replace columns(deptno string, dname string, loc string);<\/p>\n

\uff087\uff09\u67e5\u8be2\u8868\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n

hive>desc dept_partition;<\/p>\n

4.8 \u5220\u9664\u8868<\/h2>\n

hive (default)> drop table dept_partition;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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